Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and clonal relationship of clinical and environmental isolates of A. baumannii by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method. Forty-three clinical and environmental isolates 26 of MDR A. baumannii were collected and recognized by the API 20NE. antibiotic resistance isolates was assessed by disk diffusion method, and biofilm formation test was conducted using microtiter plate.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to assess the genomic features of bacterial resistance levels isolates.The clinical and environmental isolates to antibiotics were 95-100%. Differences in levels of antibiotic resistance among clinical and environmental isolates were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). the ability of biofilm production revealed that 31 (44.9%), and 30 (43.5%) isolates had a strong biofilm producer activity and moderate, respectively.
PFGE typing exhibited eight different clusters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H) with two significant clusters including A and G with 21 (30.4%) and 16 (23.2%) members each, comprising to 53.6% of all isolates. There is no relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern with pulsotypes.The PFGE results showed that there is a close link between environmental and clinical isolates of A. baumannii.
Cross-contamination is also very important that occur through daily clinical activities between environmental and clinical isolates. Therefore, in order to minimize contamination of clonal MDR A. baumannii isolates and clinical environment, it is necessary to use strict infection control strategy.
Molecular typing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in three Iranian hospitals by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Size proper separation of silicon quantum dots of red-to-near-infrared-luminescent water soluble by gel electrophoresis.
Gel electrophoresis, which is the standard method for the separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein, applied for the first time on a silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) for sizing. In Si QDs studied, boron (B) and phosphorus (P) simultaneously doped. Codoping induces a negative potential on the surface of Si QD and make it dispersible in water. Si QDs with different concentrations of B and P and grow at different temperatures (950 ° C-1200 ° C) was studied.
This indicates that a native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate the codoped Si QDs by size. Gel electrophoresis ability to paralyze the size of the QDs are separated in a solid matrix made a detailed analysis of the size-purified Si QDs possible. For example, photoluminescence (PL) studies of the dry gel Si QDs grown at 1100 ° C showed that the PL spectra of Si QD solution with a maximum of about 1.4 eV PL can be separated into more than 15 spectrum with a maximum PL change from 1.2 to 1 , 8 eV depending on the distance of migration.
It is found that the relationship between the PL peak energy and migration distance depends on temperature growth of Si QDs, and B and the concentration of P. For all samples with a different impurity concentration and grow at different temperatures, a clear trend was observed in the relationship between the full width at half the maximum (FWHM) and the PL peak energy spectrum in a wide energy range.
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The FWHM increases with increasing peak energy and it was almost two times greater than that observed for undoped Si QDs. Large PL FWHM of codoped Si QDs demonstrate that excitons then translated into codoped Si QDs for their droppings charged.
